Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) – University Business Linkage Cell

How do you assess the level of your invention?

Whether it is in the ideation stage, proven lab prototype, or customer validation stage, TRL helps you to convey a clear message to the outside about the work to be done to bring your idea to the market.

TRL is a standardized set of benchmarks used to assess the progress and maturity of a technology, from initial ideas and basic research through to market-ready products.

Each level represents a stage of development, providing a consistent method for evaluating technology innovation and readiness across sectors.

TRL 01

Basic Principles Observed:

Basic scientific research is translated into initial ideas. No applications yet; fundamental principles are defined.

TRL 02

Technology Concept Formulated:

Potential applications are explored, and the concept is documented. However, experimental proof-of-concept remains absent.

TRL 03

Experimental Proof of Concept:

Active R&D begins, and lab-based validation of the concept is conducted, often using analytical studies and small-scale testing.

TRL 04

Technology Validated in Lab:

Component or system validation is completed in a controlled lab setting, with integration into a broader concept beginning.

TRL 05

Technology Validated in Relevant Environment:

Prototyping and testing in a relevant environment (closer to real-world conditions) start to validate performance.

TRL 06

Technology Demonstrated in Relevant Environment:

An actual system prototype is tested in an environment resembling operational conditions, confirming performance stability.

TRL 07

System Prototype Demonstration in Operational Environment:

A fully integrated, near- final version of the technology is demonstrated in an operational setting, showing readiness for real-world use.

TRL 08

System Complete and Qualified:

The technology is refined, integrated into final form, and demonstrated successfully in its intended operational environment.

TRL 09

Actual System Proven in Operational Environment:

The technology is fully operational and has been successfully deployed and tested in the real environment, marking the end of the development process.

Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) provide a clear roadmap to bring ideas from the lab to the real world, due to:

1. Guides Development Steps:

TRLs help inventors know what stage their technology is at—from early research to the final product. This roadmap helps them see what’s needed to move forward.

2. Communicates Progress:

By assigning a TRL level, researchers can easily explain to others (like investors or partners) how ready their technology is for real-world use.

3. Attracts Funding:

Investors and funding bodies often look for specific TRLs. Knowing the TRL can help researchers secure funding at the right stage of development.

4. Reduces Risk:

TRLs help inventors assess what’s been proven and what still needs work, helping to identify and address potential risks early.

5. Supports Collaboration:

TRLs are widely understood, so they help researchers, industry partners, and investors communicate clearly, aligning expectations and collaboration goals.